Everything about The Forest Of High Peak totally explained
The
Forest of High Peak was, in medieval times, a moorland forest covering most of the North West of
Derbyshire, in England as far south as
Tideswell and
Buxton.
From the time of the
Norman Conquest it was established as a royal hunting reserve, administered by
William Peverel, an illegitimate son of
William I, who was based at
Peak Castle.
The south western area between the
River Wye and the
Kinder Scout was relatively open country, which was enclosed by a low wall, sufficient to keep out cattle and sheep but allow the deer to roam. The area was known as Campana, the other two being Hopedale and Longdendale. The point where they met is to this day marked by
Edale Cross.
As well as his custodianship of the Forest, William also held a number of manors as part of what was recorded in the
Domesday Survey as the Honour of Peverel. His son, also William, was granted a number of other manors, such that the Peverels could regard it as their domain, apart from the manors of Muchedeswell and
Tickhill which belonged to
Henry de Ferrers.
However, in
1154 the estate is were confiscated by
King Henry II who rebuilt Peak Castle in
1176. In
1189 from
Richard I gave the honour of the Peak to
John the Count of Mortain. Later
Edward II bestowed it briefly to his favourite
Piers de Gaveston and then under
Edward II it passed in
1345 to
John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey. John died in
1347 and it passed to Edward's wife
Philippa of Hainault. Finally in
1372 it was granted to
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster. When his son
Henry IV ascended the throne the Honour of the Peak passed to the crown along with all the other holdings of the
Duchy of Lancaster, such as
Duffield Frith. Subsequently the manor and forest of High Peak were leased in perpetuity to the
Dukes of Devonshire.
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